Note

Links to cephalopod beaks on the Tree of Life

Richard E. Young
BEAK TERMINOLOGY

BEAK STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION

INTRODUCTION to UPPER BEAKS

INTRODUCTION to LOWER BEAKS

Nautiloidea
    Nautilus pompilius - Upper and lower beaks

Myopsida
Loliginidae
    Doryteuthis opalescens - Lower beak, upper beak
    Doryteuthis pealeii - Lower beak, upper beak
    Lolliguncula brevis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Sepioteuthis lessoniana - Lower beak, upper beak

Bathyteuthoidea
Bathyteuthidae
    Bathyteuthis abyssicola - Lower beak, upper beak
    Bathyteuthis bacidifera - Lower beak, upper beak
    Bathyteuthis berryi - Lower beak, upper beak

Chtenopterygidae
    Chtenopteryx spp. - Lower beak, upper beak

Oegopsida

Architeuthidae
    Architeuthis spp. - Lower beak, upper beak

Brachioteuthidae
    Slosarczykovia circumantarctica - Lower beak, upper beak
    Brachioteuthis sp. - Lower beak, upper beak

Batoteuthidae
    Batoteuthis scolops - Lower beak, upper beak

Chiroteuthidae
    Asperoteuthis acanthoderma - Lower beak, upper beak
    Asperoteuthis mangoldae - Lower beak, upper beak
    Chiroteuthis calyx - Lower beak, upper beak
    Chiroteuthis mega - Lower beak, upper beak
    Chiroteuthis picteti - Lower beak, upper beak
    Chiroteuthis spoeli - Lower beak, upper beak
    Grimalditeuthis bonplandi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Planctoteuthis danae - Lower beak, upper beak
    Planctoteuthis oligobessa - Lower beak, upper beak
    Planctoteuthis lippula - Lower beak, upper beak

Joubiniteuthidae
    Joubiniteuthis portieri - Lower beak, upper beak

Magnapinnidae
    Magnapinna atlantica - Lower beak, upper beak

Mastigoteuthidae
    Mastigoteuthis agassizii - Lower beak, upper beak
    Mastigoteuthis psychrophila - Lower beak, upper beak
    Idioteuthis cordiformis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Echinoteuthis famelica - Lower beak, upper beak
    Mastigopsis hjorti - Lower beak, upper beak
    Magnoteuthis magna - Lower beak, upper beak
    Magnoteuthis microlucens - Lower beak, upper beak
    Mastigotragus pyrodes - Lower beak, upper beak

Promachoteuthidae
    Promachoteuthis sloani - Lower beak, upper beak
    Promachoteuthis sp. D - Lower beak, upper beak

Cranchiidae
    Cranchia scabra - Lower beak, upper beak
    Liocranchia reinhardti - Lower beak, upper beak
    Liocranchia valdiviae - Lower beak, upper beak
    Leachia danae - Lower beak, upper beak
    Leachia dislocata - Lower beak, upper beak
    Bathothauma lyromma - Lower beak, upper beak
    Egea inermis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Galiteuthis armata - Lower beak, upper beak
    Galiteuthis pacifica - Lower beak, upper beak
    Galiteuthis phyllura - Lower beak, upper beak
    Helicocranchia pfefferi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Megalocranchia fisheri - Lower beak, upper beak
    Megalocranchia oceanica - Lower beak, upper beak
    Sandalops melancholicus - Lower beak, upper beak
    Taonius belone - Lower beak, upper beak
    Taonius pavo - Lower beak, upper beak
    Taonius borealis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Teuthowenia megalops - Lower beak, upper beak

Cycloteuthidae
    Discoteuthis discus - Lower beak, upper beak
    Discoteuthis laciniosa - Lower beak, upper beak
    Cycloteuthis sirventi - Lower beak, upper beak

Ancistrocheiridae
    Ancistrocheirus lesueurii - Lower beak, upper beak

Enoploteuthidae
    Enoploteuthis higginsi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Enoploteuthis jonesi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Enoploteuthis reticulata - Lower beak, upper beak
    Enoploteuthis chuni - Lower beak, upper beak
    Enoploteuthis magnoceani - Lower beak, upper beak
    Abralia astrosticta - Lower beak, upper beak
    Abralia trigonura - Lower beak, upper beak
    Abraliopsis felis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Abraliopsis sp.A - Lower beak, upper beak
    Watasenia scintillans - Lower beak, upper beak

Lycoteuthidae
    Lampadioteuthis megaleia - Lower beak, upper beak
    Nematolampas venezuelensis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Lycoteuthis lorigera - Lower beak, upper beak
    Lycoteuthis springeri - Lower beak, upper beak
    Selenoteuthis scintillans - Lower beak, upper beak

Pyroteuthidae
    Pyroteuthis addolux - Lower beak, upper beak

Gonatidae
    Gonatopsis borealis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Gonatopsis octpedatus - Lower beak, upper beak
    Berryteuthis magister - Lower beak, upper beak
    Berryteuthis anonychus - Lower beak, upper beak
    Eogonatus tinro - Lower beak, upper beak
    Gonatus berryi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Gonatus californiensis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Gonatus onyx - Lower beak, upper beak
    Gonatus pyros - Lower beak, upper beak
    Gonatus steenstrupi - Lower beak, upper beak

Histioteuthidae
    Stigmatoteuthis hoylei - Lower beak, upper beak
    Histioteuthis berryi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Histioteuthis bonnellii - Lower beak, upper beak
    Histioteuthis cerasina - Lower beak, upper beak
    Histioteuthis corona - Lower beak, upper beak
    Histioteuthis heteropsis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Histioteuthis meleagroteuthis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Histioteuthis oceani - Lower beak, upper beak
    Histioteuthis reversa - Lower beak, upper beak
    Histioteuthis sp. A - Lower beak, upper beak

Psychroteuthidae
    Psychroteuthis glacialis - Lower beak, upper beak

Lepidoteuthidae
    Lepidoteuthis grimaldii - Lower beak, upper beak

Neoteuthidae
    Alluroteuthis antarcticus - Lower beak, upper beak
    Narrowteuthis nesisi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Neoteuthis thielei - Lower beak, upper beak

Octopoteuthidae
    Octopoteuthis neilseni - Lower beak, upper beak
    Octopoteuthis sp. A - Lower beak, upper beak
    Octopoteuthis danae - Lower beak, upper beak
    Taningia danae - Lower beak, upper beak

Pholidoteuthidae
    Pholidoteuthis adami - Lower beak, upper beak
    Pholidoteuthis massyae - Lower beak, upper beak

Ommastrephidae
    Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Dosidicus gigas - Lower beak, upper beak
    Hyaloteuthis pelagica - Lower beak, upper beak
    Eucleoteuthis luminosa - Lower beak, upper beak
   
Illex illecebrosus - Lower beak, upper beak
    Illex oxygonius - Lower beak, upper beak
    Martialia hyadesi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Ommastrephes bartramii - Lower beak, upper beak
    Ornithoteuthis antillarum - Lower beak, upper beak
    Ornithoteuthis volatilis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Nototodarus hawaiiensis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Todarodes filippovae - Lower beak, upper beak
    Todarodes pacificus - Lower beak, upper beak
    Todaropsis eblanae - Lower beak, upper beak

Onychoteuthidae
    Ancistroteuthis lichtensteini - Lower beak, upper beak
    Kondakovia longimana - Lower beak, upper beak
    Notonykia africanae - Lower beak, upper beak
    Notonykia nesisi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Onychoteuthis compacta - Lower beak, upper beak
    Onychoteuthis borealijaponica - Lower beak, upper beak
    Onykia ingens - Lower beak, upper beak
    Onykia robsoni - Lower beak, upper beak
    Onykia robusta - Lower beak, upper beak
    Onykia sp. A - Lower beak, upper beak
    Filippovia knipovitchi - Lower beak, upper beak
    Walvisteuthis sp. - Lower beak, upper beak

Thysanoteuthidae
    Thysanoteuthis rhombus - Lower beak, upper beak

Sepioidea
Sepiidae
    Sepia spp. - Lower beak, upper beak

Sepiadariidae
    Sepiadarium sp. - Lower beak, upper beak

Sepiolidae
    Rossia spp. - Lower beak, upper beak
    Heteroteuthis hawaiiensis - Lower beak, upper beak
    Iridoteuthis sp. A - Lower beak, upper beak
    Sepiola atlantica - Lower beak, upper beak

Spirulidae
    Spirula spirula - Lower beak, upper beak

Octopodiformes
Cirrata
Cirrotheuthidae
    Cirroteuthis muelleri - Lower beak, upper beak
    Cirrothauma magna - Lower beak, upper beak

Stauroteuthidae
    Stauroteuthis syrtensis - Lower beak, upper beak

Opisthoteuthidae
    Cirroctopus spp. - Lower beak, upper beak
    Grimpoteuthis spp. - Lower beak, upper beak
    Opisthoteuthis spp. - Lower beak, upper beak

Incirrata

Introduction to the beaks of the pelagic incirrate octopods

Amphitretidae

  Amphitretinae
     Amphitretus pelagicus - Lower beak, upper beak

  Bolitaeninae
     Japetella diaphana - Lower beak, upper beak

  Vitreledonellinae
     Vitreledonella richardi - Lower beak, upper beak

Octopodidae
    Octopus spp. - Lower beak, upper beak

Argonautidae
    Argonauta spp. - Lower beak, upper beak

Alloposidae
    Haliphron atlanticus - Lower beak, upper beak

Ocythoidae
    Ocythoe tuberculata - Lower beak, upper beak

Tremoctopodidae
    Tremoctopus gracilis - Lower beak, upper beak

Vampyromorpha
Vampyroteuthidae
    Vampyroteuthis infernalis - Lower beak, upper beak

About This Page


University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Richard E. Young at

Page: Tree of Life Links to cephalopod beaks on the Tree of Life Authored by Richard E. Young. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

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