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Pronophilina Reuter 1896

Andrew V. Z. Brower
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Containing group: Satyrini

Introduction

A large neotropical clade of grass and bamboo-feeding satyrines. There are several apparent subclades–a south-temperate group of genera, and three mainly Andean clades with their main diversity occurring above 2000 m. Many species remain undescribed.

The informal name of the "erebiine" clade is derived from the hypothesis of Viloria (2003; 2007) and Lamas & Viloria (2004) that a group of taxa formerly included in Pronophilina (e. g. Miller 1968) is more closely-related to the holarctic Erebiina. The cladogram of Peña et al. (2006) and unpublished data (Brower, Wahlberg) do not support that hypothesis, but do support these taxa as a monophyletic group within Pronophilina.

Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships

The list of included genera is inferred from relationships implied by the molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of Peña et al. (2006). However, the circumscription of Pronophilina has been viewed more narrowly by Viloria (2007) and Lamas et al. (in Lamas 2004), to include only the primarily Andean genera plus the Antillean Calisto, based on the presence of hairy eyes and two wing venation characters. These authors place the "Lymanopoda group" in Erebiina and the south temperate clade in Hypocystina (Coenonymphina in this classification). However, the molecular data do not support these hypotheses. More extensive sampling is needed to increase support for one or the other of these alternatives.

References

Adams MJ, and Bernard GI. 1977. Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Syst. Ent. 2: 263-281.

Forster W. 1964. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens. XIX. Einleitung Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veröffentlichungen der zoologischen Staatsammlung München 3: 81-160, plates 25-33.

Hayward KJ. 1953. Satiridos Argentinos (Lep. Rhop. Satyridae) I. Los generos (excluido Euptychia y Neomaniola). Acta Zool. Lilloana 13: 151-159.

Hayward KJ. 1958. Satiridos Argentinos (Lep. Rhop. Satyridae) II. Los géneros (continuación). Acta Zool. Lilloana 15: 161-182.

Lamas G and Viloria A. subtribe Erebiina. in Lamas G ed. 2004. Checklist: Part 4A Hesperioidea - Papiionoidea. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers/Association of Tropical Lepidoptera.

Miller LD. 1968. The higher classification, phylogeny and zoogeography of the Satyridae (Lepidoptera). Mem. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 24: 1-174.

Peña C, Wahlberg N, Weingartner E, Kodandaramaiah U, Nylin S, Freitas AVL, and Brower AVZ. 2006. Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 40: 29-49.

Pyrcz TW. 1995. A new genus, Tamania, and a new species, Tamania jacquelinae, from the Tama Range, Venezuela Colombia border, and some thoughts on the diagnosis of the tribe Pronophilini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Lambillionea 95: 519-525.

Peña, C., N. Wahlberg, E. Weingartner, U. Kodandaramaiah, S. Nylin, A.V.L. Freitas & A.V.Z. Brower. 2006. Higher level phylogeny of Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(1): 29-49.

Thieme O. 1905. Monographie der Gattung Pedaliodes Butl. (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Satyridae). Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. 49: 43-141, plates 1-3.

Thieme O. 1907. Monographische bearbeitung der Gattungen Lasiophila Felder, Daedalma Hew., Catargynnis Röber, Oxeoschistus Butl., Pronophila Westw., Corades Doubl. Hew. (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Satyridae). Berl. Ent. zeit. 51: 99-234, plates 3-5.

Viloria AL. 2003. Historical biogeography and the origins of the satyrine butterflies of the Tropical Andes (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). In: Morrone JJ and Llorente-Bousquets J, eds. Una perspectiva latinoamericana de la biogeografía. México, D. F.: Las Prensas de Ciencias, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. 247-261.

Viloria, A. L. 2007 (2004) Some Gondwanan and Laurasian elements in the satyrine fauna of South America. Trop. Lepid. 15, 53-55.

Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name Corades medeba
Location Cock of the Rock Lodge, Manu, Peru
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Medeba Satyr
Source Collection Neotropical Butterflies
Copyright © 2004 Kim Garwood
Scientific Name Lymanopoda obsoleta
Location Peru: Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Identified By Edwin Bellota
Life Cycle Stage adults
View ventral
Source A por sal: Lymanopoda obsoleta
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2007 Edwin Bellota
Scientific Name Oxeoschistus puerta
Location Cana Field Station, Darien, Panama
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Sex Male
Source Puerta Satyr
Source Collection Neotropical Butterflies
Copyright © 2003 Will and Gill Carter
Scientific Name Eretris subpunctata
Location Pampa Hermosa Lodge, Chanchamayo Valley, Peru
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Subpuntata Satyr
Source Collection Neotropical Butterflies
Copyright © 2005 Kim Garwood
About This Page


Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Andrew V. Z. Brower at

Page: Tree of Life Pronophilina Reuter 1896. Authored by Andrew V. Z. Brower. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2011. Pronophilina Reuter 1896. Version 08 May 2011 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Pronophilina/70804/2011.05.08 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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