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Spermatopsida

Seed Plants

Peter Crane
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taxon links [up-->]Conifers [up-->]Angiosperms [up-->]Gnetales extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon extinct icon [down<--]Embryophytes Interpreting the tree
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Containing group: Embryophytes

Other Names for Spermatopsida

References

Bowe, L. M., G. Coat, and C. W. dePamphilis. 2000. Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 97:4092-4097.

Chaw S.-M., C. L. Parkinson, Y. Cheng, T. M. Vincent, and J. D. Palmer. 2000. Seed plant phylogeny inferred from all three plant genomes: monophyly of extant gymnosperms and origin of Gnetales from conifers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 97:4086-4086.

Donoghue, M. J. 1994. Progress and prospects in reconstructing plant phylogeny. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 81:405-418.

Donoghue, M. J. and J. A. Doyle. 2000. Seed plant phylogeny: Demise of the anthophyte hypothesis? Current Biology 10:R106-R109.

Doyle, J. A. 1996. Seed plant phylogeny and the relationships of Gnetales. International Journal of Plant Sciences 157:S3-S39.

Doyle, J. A. 1998. Molecules, morphology, fossils, and the relationship of angiosperms and Gnetales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9:448-462.

Chaw, S. M., C. L. Parkinson, Y. C. Cheng, T. M. Vincent, and J. D. Palmer. 2000. Seed plant phylogeny inferred from all three plant genomes: Monophyly of extant gymnosperms and origin of Gnetales from conifers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 97:4086-4091.

Judd, W. S., C. S. Campbell, E. A. Kellogg, P. F. Stevens, and M. J. Donoghue. 2002. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. Second Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA.

Rydin, C., M. Källersjö, and E. M. Friist. 2002. Seed plant relationships and the systematic position of Gnetales based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA: Conflicting data, rooting problems, and the monophyly of conifers. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163:197-214.

Sanderson, M. J., M. F. Wojciechowski, J. M. Hu, T. S. Khan, and S. G. Brady. 2000. Error, bias, and long-branch attraction in data for two chloroplast photosystem genes in seed plants. Molecular Biology and Evolution 17:782-797.

Schmidt, M. and H. A. W. Schneider-Poetsch. 2002. The evolution of gymnosperms redrawn by phytochrome genes: The Gnetatae appear at the base of the gymnosperms. Journal of Molecular Evolution 54:715-724.

Soltis, D. S., P. S. Soltis, and M. J. Zanis. 2002. Phylogeny of seed plants based on evidence from eight genes. American Journal of Botany 89:1670-1681.

Winter K.-U., A. Becker, T. Munster, J. T. Kim, H. Saedler, and G. Thiessen. 1999. The MADS-box genes reveal that gnetophytes are more closely related to conifers than to flowering plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 96:7342-7347.

Information on the Internet

Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name Cycas circinalis
Location Cultivated at the Botanical Garden, Basel, Switzerland
Acknowledgements courtesy Botanical Image Database
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Sex Male
Body Part flower
Copyright © University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Scientific Name Lewisia rediviva
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Lewisia rediviva
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2007 wanderflechten
Scientific Name Gnetum gnemon
Location cultivated at the Botanical Garden Basel, Switzerland
Acknowledgements courtesy Botanical Image Database
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Body Part new and old leaves
Copyright © University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Citing this page:

Crane, Peter. 1996. Spermatopsida. Seed Plants. Version 01 January 1996 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Spermatopsida/20622/1996.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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This page is a Tree of Life Branch Page.

Each ToL branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the Tree of Life. The major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the Tree of Life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches, that is, subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages.

For a more detailed explanation of the different ToL page types, have a look at the Structure of the Tree of Life page.

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