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Nymphalis Kluk 1780

Tortoiseshells and Mourning Cloaks

Andrew V. Z. Brower
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taxon links [up-->]Nymphalis l-album Phylogenetic position of group is uncertain[down<--]Nymphalini Interpreting the tree
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Containing group: Nymphalini

Introduction

A holarctic group of fast flying nymphalids. Some overwinter as adults (e. g., N. antiopa) and may be seen flying on warm days in late winter.

Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships

The hypothesis of relationships is that implied by the combined analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes by Wahlberg et al. (2009). The position of the unsampled N. cyanomelas, a Mexican endemic, is hypothesized based on its morphological similarity to N. antiopa.

Other Names for Nymphalis Kluk 1780

References

Wahlberg, N. & Nylin, S. 2003 Morphology versus molecules: resolution of the positions of Nymphalis, Polygonia, and related genera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Cladistics 19, 213-223.

Wahlberg, N., Weingartner, E., Warren, A. D. & Nylin, S. 2009 Timing major conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in species relationships of Polygonia butterflies (Nymphalidae: Nymphlalini). BMC Evolutionary Biology 9, 92.

Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name Nymphalis polychloros
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Nymphalis polychloros
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 javig
Scientific Name Nymphalis californica
Location Boulder Creek, California, USA
Comments These California Tortoiseshells are all over our yard in Boulder Creek, California. There were nearly 100 of them this morning in the air and on the wet ground (they seem to like water) along with several California Sisters and smaller lilac-colored butterflies. We have not experienced this quantity of butterflies in 10 years we've lived here.
Creator Photo by Vicki Rogers
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Nymphalis californica
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2007 Vicki & Chuck Rogers
Scientific Name Nymphalis antiopa
Location Oak View, California, USA
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Mourning Cloak Butterfly
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 Aleta Rodriguez
About This Page


Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Andrew V. Z. Brower at

Page: Tree of Life Nymphalis Kluk 1780. Tortoiseshells and Mourning Cloaks. Authored by Andrew V. Z. Brower. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2009. Nymphalis Kluk 1780. Tortoiseshells and Mourning Cloaks. Version 04 June 2009 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Nymphalis/70342/2009.06.04 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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